NEWS
新聞中心
無縫鋼管直線度的影響因素
編輯(ji)：2023-03-01 13:24:20
直(zhi)線度是(shi)衡(heng)量HFW(高頻焊(han)接(jie))鋼管(guan)質量的(de)(de)一(yi)項重要指標(biao)。輸送流體(ti)管(guan)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)具有中空截面(mian)，鋼管(guan)產品的(de)(de)鋼種(zhong)與品種(zhong)規格(ge)極為繁多，其性能要求(qiu)也(ye)是(shi)各種(zhong)各樣的(de)(de)。所有這些應(ying)隨(sui)著用戶要求(qiu)或(huo)工作(zuo)條件的(de)(de)變化而(er)加以(yi)區分(fen)。通常，鋼管(guan)產品按斷面(mian)形(xing)狀、生產方(fang)法、制管(guan)材質、聯接(jie)方(fang)式、鍍涂特征與用途等進行分(fen)類。
鋼(gang)管按橫(heng)斷(duan)面形狀可(ke)分為：圓鋼(gang)管和異形鋼(gang)管。
異(yi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是指各種非圓(yuan)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)斷面的鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。其中主要(yao)有：方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、矩形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、橢圓(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、平橢管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、半圓(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)角內圓(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、不等(deng)邊(bian)六(liu)(liu)(liu)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、等(deng)邊(bian)三(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、五(wu)角梅花管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、八(ba)角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，凸字形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、雙凸形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雙凹形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、多(duo)凹形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、瓜子形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、扁形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、星(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、平行四邊(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、帶(dai)肋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、滴狀(zhuang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、內翅(chi)片管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、扭異(yi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、B型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、D型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以及多(duo)層管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。
鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按縱斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)形狀(zhuang)又分為：等斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和變(bian)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。變(bian)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)（或變(bian)截面(mian)(mian)）鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)指沿管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)長方向(xiang)上的(de)(de)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)形狀(zhuang)、內(nei)外直徑(jing)及(ji)壁厚等發生周期性或非(fei)周期性變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。其主要有(you)：外錐(zhui)形管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、內(nei)錐(zhui)形管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、外階(jie)梯(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、內(nei)階(jie)梯(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、周期斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、螺旋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、帶散熱片的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以(yi)及(ji)帶復線的(de)(de)槍管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。從(cong)頭到尾的(de)(de)沒有(you)焊縫。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)具有(you)中空截面(mian)(mian)，大量用(yong)作輸(shu)送流體的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)輸(shu)送石油、天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)、煤氣(qi)、水及(ji)某些固(gu)體物料(liao)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)等。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與(yu)圓(yuan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)等實心(xin)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材相比，在抗(kang)彎抗(kang)扭強(qiang)度(du)相同時(shi)，重量較輕，是(shi)一(yi)種經濟(ji)截面(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材，廣泛用(yong)于制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)結構(gou)件(jian)和機械零件(jian)，如石油鉆桿、汽車(che)(che)傳動軸(zhou)、自(zi)行車(che)(che)架(jia)以(yi)及(ji)建筑施工(gong)中用(yong)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)腳(jiao)手架(jia)等。用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)環形零件(jian)，可提高材料(liao)利用(yong)率(lv)，簡化(hua)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)工(gong)序，節約(yue)材料(liao)和加工(gong)工(gong)時(shi)，如滾(gun)動軸(zhou)承套(tao)圈、千斤(jin)頂套(tao)等，目前(qian)已(yi)廣泛用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)來制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)。
輸送流體管生產制造方(fang)法：
①一般(ban)鍋爐管使用(yong)溫度在450℃以下，國(guo)產管主要用(yong)10號(hao)(hao)、20號(hao)(hao)碳結鋼熱軋管或冷拔管制造。
②高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓鍋(guo)爐(lu)管(guan)使(shi)用時(shi)經(jing)常處(chu)于高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫和高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓條件，管(guan)子在高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫煙氣(qi)和水蒸氣(qi)的(de)作用下(xia)，會發生氧(yang)化和腐蝕。要求(qiu)鋼管(guan)具有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)持(chi)久強度，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)抗氧(yang)化腐蝕性能，并有(you)良好的(de)組織穩(wen)定性。
(2)用途：
①一般(ban)鍋(guo)爐(lu)管主(zhu)要(yao)用來(lai)制造水冷(leng)壁管、沸水管、過熱蒸汽管、機車(che)鍋(guo)爐(lu)用的過熱蒸汽管，大、小煙(yan)管及(ji)拱(gong)磚管等。
②高(gao)壓(ya)鍋(guo)爐管(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要用來制造高(gao)壓(ya)和超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)鍋(guo)爐的過(guo)熱器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)、再熱器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)氣管(guan)(guan)、主(zhu)蒸汽管(guan)(guan)等。
但是，圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)也有(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)局限性(xing)，如在(zai)受平(ping)面(mian)彎曲的(de)(de)條件下，圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)就(jiu)(jiu)不如方、矩(ju)形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)抗(kang)彎強度大，一些農機具(ju)骨架、鋼木家具(ju)等就(jiu)(jiu)常用方、矩(ju)形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。根據不同用途還(huan)需(xu)有(you)(you)其他截面(mian)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)異型鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)。直線度越高，就(jiu)(jiu)越容易保證油井管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)螺紋質(zhi)量，同時(shi)也為后續的(de)(de)加工和檢驗(yan)提供(gong)了便(bian)利。生產中，造成鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)直線度超(chao)標的(de)(de)原因有(you)(you)以下幾種：
1、矯直機(ji)架調整不當
1)彎曲現象
HFW鋼管從(cong)定(ding)徑機組出來(lai)后(hou)出現彎曲，且固(gu)定(ding)向一個(ge)方向彎曲。
2)解決措施
HFW矯(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)中，采用土耳其頭調整(zheng)直(zhi)線(xian)度(du)。正確調整(zheng)土耳其頭反(fan)向彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)的撓(nao)度(du)是控制HFW鋼管彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)的關鍵(jian)。對于矯(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)機架(jia)(jia)調整(zheng)不當造成的彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)，操作(zuo)者應保(bao)持鄰近(jin)飛鋸的土耳其頭機架(jia)(jia)固定不動，根(gen)據彎曲(qu)(qu)(qu)方向，對另一架(jia)(jia)土耳其頭進行反(fan)向適度(du)調整(zheng)。
2、卷板強(qiang)度不均(jun)
1)彎曲現(xian)象
鋼(gang)管的(de)彎曲現象較嚴重，且鋼(gang)管的(de)彎曲方向并非是一(yi)個(ge)方向。
2)解決措施(shi)
對于因卷板強度不均勻造成的彎(wan)曲，必須由卷板生產廠通過提高其軋制(zhi)水(shui)平(ping)來解決。卷板各處的強度差應控(kong)制(zhi)在30MPa以內(nei)。
3、鋼(gang)管上下表面溫度不均(jun)
1)彎曲現象
生(sheng)產(chan)中鋼管(guan)切斷后很(hen)直，但在精整臺架上(shang)冷(leng)卻(que)時發生(sheng)彎曲，且鋼管(guan)整體彎曲方(fang)向相同(tong)。
2)解決措施
改造水(shui)(shui)冷(leng)(leng)裝置，使上(shang)表(biao)(biao)面冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的大小(xiao)可控，保持鋼管上(shang)下表(biao)(biao)面溫度相同;對大直徑鋼管，當水(shui)(shui)冷(leng)(leng)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)開到(dao)******，上(shang)表(biao)(biao)面溫度仍然高于下表(biao)(biao)面，可適當降(jiang)低生產線速速，或者安裝冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)液水(shui)(shui)塔，加快冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)液冷(leng)(leng)卻(que);采用反調(diao)方法，即根據精(jing)整臺架上(shang)鋼管彎曲的方向和程度，在定徑矯(jiao)直時(shi)進行反向調(diao)整。
4、定徑(jing)量不足
1)彎曲現(xian)象
在靜(jing)水壓試(shi)(shi)驗前鋼管是直的，但經靜(jing)水壓試(shi)(shi)驗后發生彎(wan)曲(qu)現象，且彎(wan)曲(qu)方向固定。
2)解決措(cuo)施
通過適當提高(gao)定(ding)徑量，減少HFW鋼管(guan)過高(gao)的(de)(de)殘余(yu)(yu)應力(li)，可避免發生(sheng)彎曲現象(xiang)，若果增加(jia)定(ding)徑量后，彎曲現象(xiang)仍未******，就要進一(yi)步通過成型孔型的(de)(de)調整，給板料一(yi)個附加(jia)的(de)(de)變形(xing)量，以補償變形(xing)后的(de)(de)回彈，減少殘余(yu)(yu)應力(li)，***終解決(jue)該類鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)彎曲問題。
轉載自(zi)：